hooshang afzali gorouh; farzad azad sharkian; Mohammad Ali Rostami; davod darvishi
Abstract
In this study, two methods of opening the pistachio shell (ice and mechanical methods) and natural opening at two storage temperatures (10°C and 25°C) and six months storage for Ouhadi pistachio cultivar, were compared in terms of peroxide index, acid number and sensory proprties. The results ...
Read More
In this study, two methods of opening the pistachio shell (ice and mechanical methods) and natural opening at two storage temperatures (10°C and 25°C) and six months storage for Ouhadi pistachio cultivar, were compared in terms of peroxide index, acid number and sensory proprties. The results showed that the rate of changes in peroxide index during six months of storage varied from 2 to 3 mEq / kg, the changes in acid rate ranged from 0.51 to 0.85 mg / g and the moisture content of the samples varied from 4.36 % to 6.23 %. The highest amount of acidity (0.85 mg / g) and peroxide index (3.1 mEq /kg) in open shell samples was observed in the ice openenig method and storage tempreture of 25° C. The lowest acidity (0.51 mg / g) and peroxide index (2 mEq / kg) was observed in mechanical method opening and storage tempreture of 10 ° C. However, with the increasing of the storage time, peroxide index and acidity were incresed but the peroxide index at the end of storage in all treatments was found lower than the recommended safe limit (5 mEq /kg). The highest percentage (92%) and rate of shell opening (6.4 mm) were obtained by mechanical method. The percentage of pistachios that were crushed by the mechanical method was 2% and 3% higher than that in other two methods, respectively. According to the panel judges, the mechanical method was more desirable than the other two treatments with 86.5% of total acceptability. According to the significant effect of the appearance and chemical properties on the acceptability of the pistachio, it was concluded that the mechanical shell opening method was more acceptable method for artificially shell opening than the other methods.
hooshang afzali gorouh; Farzad Azadshahraki; ladan shafie
Abstract
Minimum tillage and no tillage methods not only increase soil fertility but also reduce energy consumption and production costs. This study was performed to determine the energy indices in corn production under different tillage systems (conventional tillage, minimum tillage by disk, minimum tillage ...
Read More
Minimum tillage and no tillage methods not only increase soil fertility but also reduce energy consumption and production costs. This study was performed to determine the energy indices in corn production under different tillage systems (conventional tillage, minimum tillage by disk, minimum tillage by chisel packer, and no tillage) in corn farms of Orzuiyeh region, Kerman province in 2017. For this purpose, questionnaires were filled by farmers and the necessary data were collected through interviews with them. In this study, energy efficiency, net energy gain, energy productivity, energy intensity and water use efficiency indices were calculated and analyzed. Results of this study showed that the maximum energy efficiency (1.81 MJ / ha) and maximum net energy gain (51402 MJ / ha) were achieved in minimum tillage by disk treatment. Energy productivity index was equal to 0.155, 0.155, 0.123 and 0.105 kg / ha for conventional tillage, minimum tillage by disk, minimum tillage by chisel packer and no tillage respectively. Maximum energy intensity (9 MJ/kg) was found in conventional tillage and minimum energy intensity (8.1 MJ/kg) was calculated in minimum tillage by disk treatment. Maximum water use efficiency (0.85 kg/m3) was found in the treatment of minimum tillage by disk. The results of this study also indicated that in corn cultivation in Orzuiyeh region, the maximum amount of energy consumptions occur in water supply, fertilizer application, machinery equipment and fuel respectively. Modification of irrigation methods, optimation of fertilizer consumption and using minimum tillage methods may improve energy ratio and increase farmer’s income in corn production in Orzuiyeh region.
Mohammah Ali Rostami; Hooshang Afzali Gorouh
Abstract
Crop residue management is very important in farmlands. Conservatiion and proper management of residues, improves soil structure, retain moisture and reduces soil erosion. Whereas, crop residue burning converts organic material into ash, increases soil erosion and moisture loss from feild. The ...
Read More
Crop residue management is very important in farmlands. Conservatiion and proper management of residues, improves soil structure, retain moisture and reduces soil erosion. Whereas, crop residue burning converts organic material into ash, increases soil erosion and moisture loss from feild. The aim of present study was to research for accurate, fast and inexpensive methods for monitoring farms where crop residues are burned. keeping this in view, the potential of Landsat 8 sensor local data for monitoring residue burning was evaluated, using three classification methods including; supervised classification, unsupervised classification and detection of changes. Total number of 120 farms with 4 different surface coverage namely: plant residue, soil, green plant and residue ash were considered. Burned field’s location and their area were determined through satellite image with tree methods and their results were compared with field results. The results showed that due to successive changes in surface conditions of experimental farms, between two satellite imagery, such as tillage, seed planting and planted crop emergence, the satellite imagery could not be monitor the burned farms appropriately. Location and estimation of burned farm area by supervised classification was done with high accuracy. Overall classification accuracy of supervised classification method was 96.6, kappa coefficient was 0.93 and R2 was 0.92. Although by the unsupervised classification method some burned farms were separated, but overall classification accuracy and kappa coefficient of this method was low (71.6 and 0.61 respectively). Finally and based on the results it can be suggested that, supervised classification was chosen for farms remote sensing, where crop residues are burned.
Houshang Afzali Gorouh; Mohammah-Ali Rostami
Abstract
The development of electric spinning machine to use in rural and nomadic areas can promote the manufacture of textiles. In this research a cashmere and wool electric spinning machine was fabricated and assessed. For the construction of machine, first the plan was drawn with SolidWorks software and then ...
Read More
The development of electric spinning machine to use in rural and nomadic areas can promote the manufacture of textiles. In this research a cashmere and wool electric spinning machine was fabricated and assessed. For the construction of machine, first the plan was drawn with SolidWorks software and then the parts of machine were fabricated based on developed maps. Machine had 5 parts namely entrance, spinning, spindle, transmission and chassis units. For evaluation of machine performance, the effects of three factors such as rotate speed of spinning unit at three levels (300, 600 and 900 rpm), rotate speed for cashmere spindle unit (25, 50 and 75% of break for collector unit) and the arm's length of spindle at two levels of (100 and 200 mm) based on cashmere yarn breaking percentage, yarn diameter and machine capacity were evaluated. Machine was evaluated based on a completely randomized block factorial design with three replications. The results showed that the effect of rotate speed of spindle and spinning unit on changes of cashmere yarn breaking percent and diameter and speed of spinning unit on capacity were significant at the one percent probability level, but length of spindle had no significant effect. The result also showed that the interaction effect of spinning and spindle unit speed on cashmere yarn breaking and diameter were significant at the level of one percent, while, the interaction of them had no significant effect on studied treatments. Finally, It was concluded that reduction of yarn spindle speed can increase yarn breaking percentage. Thus, treatment L1N1V2 (with specification of arm's length of 200 mm, spindle speed of 25 percent of break for collector unit, and spinning unit of 600 rpm) had the mean yarn diameter of 0.14 mm, least yarn breaking percent (21%) and 9.6 kg per hour capacity, Hence, this treatment was the most suitable as compared to other treatments.
